DV and over sampling 4:1:1 is it really loosing color information?

 720x480 is the standard for Standard Definition NTSC signal sampling.

That's 720 samples per horizontal line.

That's 480 samples per vertical line. 

When Analog signals for video are measured they are defined by the number of vertical lines side by side which can be distinguished from one another.

That is if you took a bunch of vertical "bamboo sticks" or "straws" and stood them up on end and lined them up shoulder to shoulder next to one another.. then stood way back from them. How many could you stand up side by side, shoulder to shoulder, next to one another before they apepared to "blurr" together and you could no longer distinguish them from one another?

If you have only Five and spread them evenly, again shoulder to shoulder, so there were spaces evenly spaced between them.. you would have a better chance of seeing you have "five" from far away.

But as you stack more and more side by side.. decreasing that even space between them.. they crowd together.. until visually they seem to "blurr".

These are called "Vertical Lines of Resolution" or how dense can you stack a forrest of Trees (or straws) until its meaningless.

A VHS tape typically can produce a signal with 320 lines of vertical resolution, a Broadcast signal can produce something closer to 500 lines of vertical resolution.

With a Digital sampling of 720 points along a horizonal rod laid across all of those straws, means your over sampling by a factor of 2 samples per each straw.. which can have issues of aliasing.. or interference patterns.. but generally smoothing and antialiasing can compensate for this interference.

So basically in a perfect scenario 320 samples per digital horizontal lines is enough for a VHS tape.

DV takes a grid of 4:1:1 or 4 luma points along a line per 1 color sample, and 1 chroma sample per field line

DV is standard video only, so it samples on the field not the frame so its sampling over a tvdl 320x240 with a sample grid of 720x240.

If you convert this into progressive (assuming fields into frames) before digital sampling this becomes

720x480 over 320x480

Scaling 4:1:1 and reducing for redundancy means  2:1/2:1

That means for a 720 dot line, two samples per Luma, and 1 sample  per two chroma, the third is 1:1 so it is loss less.

The actual loss depends upon the signal resolution being near perfect at 320 which includes (overscan) normally not seen because of CRT bezels and thus normally avoided in televised or recorded SD content.

And if not using SP speed but LP or EP speed it can be even worse.

It should also be realized the NTSC signal saved on VHS tape is recorded as a Color Under signal and reproduced from that Compression scheme.. meaning it is already loosing 1/2 the color horizontal dimension.. so 2:1:1 .. it is possible the claims of 320 Chroma tvdl may actually be claimed, but its more likely that is for Luma only.. and the Chroma is actually 160 in a best case scenario.

It may "seem" like a reduction in color sampling from analog to digital, but in reality it is over sampling only the Luma and sampling the Chroma in a 1:1 ratio for available signal from a VHS source.

Sampling a digital conversion from a higher resolution source such as a Betamax Composite or Broadcast signal may reach for up to 500 lines of tvdl on paper.. in a studio.. but in real world scenarios over losses over a transmission line or due to broadcast and reception on less than perfect equipment will bring that down substantially. S-VHS, S-Video and EP speeds may claim to capture more of the signal on tape, but cumulative losses are likely to claim some of that resolution.. some of which must be sacrificed to Timebase Correction and Frame Sync corrective actions from older tapes.

With Color Under NTSC transmission;

If 4 is the Luma for an analog signal and is 320 and we are over sampling by x2 for 720 we have the potential for aliasing and the potential for using the extra information for slight sharpening.

If 1 is the Chroma for an analog signal and it is actually 160 from the Analog signal and its over sampling by x2 - "nothing is being lost" - the capture resolution is actually 1 to 1.

If 1 is the Chroma for an analog signal per "field" and not frame because it is DV and only works on an interlaced signal - "nothing is being lost".

4:2:0 makes better sense when converting a real 4:4:4 situation and favors the vertical dimension, but more over it  compresses pscyhological teasing out intraframe compression opportunities, but suffers from Macro blocking artifacts.

Mosquito noise is an artifact of condensing or composing a Progressive frame from two Interlaced fields with a separation in the temporal dimension and get worse with high motion, or low motion with sharp edges, which is where it is most often observed.

MPEG-2 or h.262 introduced Macro blocking and interframe and well as progressive compression opportunites with different complexity profiles.

MPEG4 part 10 AVC or h.264 introduced golden ratio spiral or more complex search patterns of pscyho aural visual interframe as well as progressive compression opportunities, again with different complexity profiles.

DV was appropriate for its time, but of very low compression advantage, while retaining the best picture available from signals of its time. It would never be appropriate for HDTV or HD signals of today.

But it gets maligned quite often as an inferior capture format, when in reality, considering the signal source, its more than adequate. It was also widely adopted by many of the operating systems of the day and remains a simple format to decode and present.

MPEG-2 was more appropriate for studio film conversions to digital and storage on DVD playback media, it was a little over hyped for its time, but over delivered for systems not ready yet to deal with the format, it was anticipated to deal with the better quality signals available from Component or highspeed Cable or Fiber networks, leaving the SD and S-Video / S-VHS era behind.

Microsoft came up with their own version in VC-1 to circumvent licensing issues, and partially due to those licensing issues Apple chose to sponsor and develop the h.264 MOV/MP4 standards. This bifurcation led to a lot of market confusion. Video format wars of the VHS/Betamax/Laserdisk or Blu-ray/HDVD formats did not help.

The format wars insured that the OS vendors would eventually opt out and natively include neither.. but marginally continue to support DV and the more open h.264/MP4 standards which were not license encumbered.

Microsoft stayed with VC-1, and optionally bundled licensed MPEG-2 codecs and decoders for a fee. Microsoft formerly abandoned the nonlinear editor business after offering Windows Media Encoder 9 and Windows Expression Encoder 3.

Apple went with h.264 MOV/MP4 for free but also offered Professional addon codecs with nonlinear editor suites like Final Cut X.

Microsoft in later versions of windows began including h.264/mp4 as a natively supported codec with little fan fair.. as it offered no competitive advantage.. and withdrew the limited MPEG-2 codec support by withdrawing Windows Media Center from the market. Ceding most nonlinear editor business to Adobe/Premiere and other companies.. such a Grass Valley/EDIUS or Blackmagic/Media Express, AJA/Studio, (former SONY) Vegas .. among others.

 

Cloner Alliance Pro - ProcAmp - Bright, Contrast, Saturation

The Cloner Alliance Pro Box has a built in Processing Amplifier for adjusting the Brightness and Contrast, as well as the Saturation of video that it records. But its difficult to access from the onscreen display.

The Cloner Alliance Pro Box has inputs for HDMI and Component Video and stereo Audio capture. It has three main audio video ports, the HDMI in, HDMI out and the AV port (which is used with a special breakout cable to accept Component video and audio).

The HDMI out is plugged into a TV or monitor and carries sound as well as video.

When initially configuring the Cloner Alliance Pro stand alone mode, it has three buttons on the front of the box and  an IR port for use with a hand held remote control.

The three buttons choose "source" one of the HDMI/Component ports, trigger a "screenshot" capture and start and stop a "record" session to a connected USB storage device.

Detailed configuration requires using the hand held remote and the HDMI out "on screen display".

The hand held remote have a circular dial in the middle of the remote surrounded by four buttons; "i" for information, "camera" for snapshot, "back arrow" for return, and "house" for home menu.

Detailed configuration has to be performed by navigating the on screen display using the remote.

The most important button is the "house" or home menu button, this brings up an on screen overlay of a transparent vertical up and down menu.

At first the menu is centered on the "First" lateral (or left <-> right menu) from four menus.

This first menu has the basic settings for selecting capture resolution, file format and the bare minimal things required to allow the on box start and stop "record" button to work.

Once starting to travel up or down the menu using the up and down arrows on the circular wheel, you are "locked" into that menu and cannot move laterally to any other horizontal menu choice.

Reading some onscreen tips you are instructed to "break out" of this "locked in" menu choice, you should hit the "back arrow" or return button on the hand held remote and you will exit that menus "locked in" mode and be able to press the "left and right" arrows on the circular wheel of the remote to travel to a new major configuration menu.

The Processing Amplifier for adjusting the Brightness, Contrast, Saturation of the image displayed and to be captured as video.. is in the Second major lateral >> Right menu 

note: the "Contrast" setting seems (inverted) to normal behavior, increasing it actually mutes the image and makes things less "contrasty". So the best setting is probably to reduce the Contrast from 100 towards 0, where 40 is a fair setting. Upon power up the firmware presets these to defaults that are often less than optimal and make the video appear dark and hard to see. Increasing Brightness to 100 and then setting the Contrast to something less than 50 will brighten and then pull out detail by making the picture appear darker where needed to make the picture appear to have more contrast without appearing too dark.

Remember!

If you start moving Up and Down in the "First" menu, you will not be able to move to the "Second" menu just to the Right, until you hit the "back arrow" on the hand held remote to "Exit" the "First" menu mode.

Simply Pressing the > Right arrow on the hand held remote will "do nothing".. and keep you trapped in the First menu. The button press will be ignored.

Only coordinating and Pressing "first" the "back arrow" button, and (then) the "> Right" arrow button on the perimeter of the circular dial on the hand held remote, will leap you out of the "First" menu and traverse to the "Second" menu.

The "Second" menu contains the Brightness, Contrast, Hue, and Saturation controls for the currently displayed video image visible partially behind the menu overlay.

Now you can moved up and down to select one of the configuration options and increase or decrease its value, the results will be immediately reflected on the video playing or onscreen behind the semi-transparent menu.

These options are saved when exiting all menus by pressing the "house" or home menu button.

But they (do not) remain set across restarts or power down and power up events of the Cloner Alliance Pro Box. The Time also is not saved across power down and power up events of the Cloner Alliance Pro Box. They all have to be reset manually each time the device is powered on.

Video Tape Capturing and Saving to DV, VC1, h.264 natively

I was playing with ChatGPT and discovered maybe some little known facts about Windows 7.

Capturing to native DV format produces a high quality file losslessly with slightly degraded color sampling, 4:1:1

However since the NTSC format is recorded to tape using a slightly degraded color sample by way of using Color Under sampling.. assigning less bandwidth to the color component of the signal UV than to Y, the conversion from a lessor color signal to 4:1:1 digital sampling is essentially the same thing. And nothing is lost, there simply isn't any more signal bandwidth available to carry more information that that collected by 4:1:1 digital sampling.

DV video does a noise reduction step passing a DCT - Discrete Cosine Transform over the signal, but does not 'compress' or reduce the actual number of digital samples in the Y or UV axes, this results in a large digital sample file, but should retain as much of the original signal as possible for playback.

DV does not in anyway attempt to up sample or 'invent' more information than is actually present in a signal, nor does it attempt to convert from field to frame (otherwise known as interlaced to progressive conversion).

Other compression schemes like MPEG-2 (h.262) or h.264 treat color samples somewhat differently since they were invented for film to digital conversion and the available signals when converting from film to digital video were captured using full frame cameras in a progressive to progressive conversion format. the full frame digital cameras had 4:4:4 available to them and MPEG2 or h.264 could take advantage of the higher available color sampling and down sample the color space to 4:2:0 for retaining slightly more available color signal than a Broadcast or VHS tape Color Under sample which never had anywhere near the same original bandwidth due to the NTSC remote transmission standard.

When converting from VHS tape to digital files became popular, using the latest technology was considered more attractive and owning one device for capturing as opposed to many limited the popularity of a basic DV converter.

Windows went from mostly using DV capture tools like Windows Move Maker, to Adobe Premiere Essentials and Pro, Sony Vegas, Canopus DV or Grass Valley EDIUS in the 98 thru 2000 and XP editions.

Windows 7 followed up with tools such as Windows Live Essentials installed separately which could capture in DV format, and then quickly "convert" the Lossless DV file format into Windows WMV (VC-1 .. basically Microsoft answer to h.262 or MPEG-2.. or Windows MP4 h.264 AVC) formats.

The key was not in the Save Project menus, but the [Save Movie] menu and choosing the delivery type and format. Save as DVD Burn would convert to VC-1 and automatically transfer to Windows DVD Maker to guide thru setting up a Menu structure for a Disc and then burning to a DVD disc. Choosing a delivery type of [For Computer] granted the option of giving the file to be saved a specific file name and file system destination, and then choosing a file type [MPEG-4/H.264 Video File (or) Windows Media Video File - WMV/VC1]

These tools while they could be used with a DV bridge were more targeted for use with DV technology for offloading or uploading DV Camcorder videos and then converting them to DVD or File consumer types.

They soon upgraded to working with MPEG-2 hardware capture devices since those were more popular for capturing Broadcast or Cable video files where commercials were routinely edited out and the delivery types were stored on low capacity storage devices like hard drives or limited DVD media until consumed.

The MPEG-2 hardware capture types were of lower absolute bandwidth than DV firewire, and could finally be handled not only over PCI 2.x and USB bus types eliminating the need for high royalty hardware that required firewire .. but in theory could capture slightly better color signal if the transmission type were over a medium that were totally digital, as with ATSC instead of NTSC.

Some of the details got lost in the translation and a semi-cult status of video capture in 4:4:4 uncompressed formats erupted over the intervening years, as non hardware encoding field and frame grabbers became cheap and widely available. They did not add anything to the quality of the signal capture and in fact complicated many problematic signal captures where previous hardware encoders had special time base and frame synchronizing abilities that simple frame grabbers did not.

4:4:4 was and remains the capture domain of film and studio on site rather than something easily mastered at home.

h.264 and later compression techniques were developed initially for the purpose of enabling mobile phone and internet video delivery; but later profiles enabled matching and exceeding the delivery quality of MPEG2 and have all but replaced them.

The initial age old question of DV versus MPEG-2 or h.264 capture options side steps or 'hides' the question of archiving in 'Interlaced or field based format' versus archiving in 'Progressive or frame based format'. DV from the outset was 'field based' and is based around SD or Standard Definition 720x480 video.

Later versions of DV such as HDV utilized a form of MPEG-2 compression without the interfield/interframe temporal distortion inherent when converting a field based video to a frame based one, and the unavoidable artifacts that result from that step. HDV however was never popular and very short lived. 

The arrival of TiVo and DVD recorders and their popularity, and the arrival of EyeTV and Windows Media Center eventually led to the broad assumption that MPEG-2 and DVD formats were superior to DV or HDV for all purposes. After 2009 and the conversion from NTSC to ATSC formats most TV transmissions became Progressive with ever enlarging frame sizes much higher than 720p .. leading to further interest in high compression ratio codecs like h.264 and presently h.265

The conversion step from DV to MPEG-2 was not without forethought, color samples are 'co-sited' withing a field and frame so that minimal color aberrations are possible. Also MPEG-2 formats allow for profiles that are 'interlaced' as well as 'progressive' .. and later h.264 formats also allow for field based video storage formats.. which are rarely used or supported in normal hardware playback equipment.. leading back to the observation that only a sophisticated and complete software playback system can hope to cope with archaic full resolution and un-temporaly distorted playbacks of old content that are artifact free when the content has been compressed, especially if it has been converted to framed based 'Progressive' formats with no way to undo the irrevocable choice made in the era in which it was 'mashed together'.

This all leads to me to personally conclude, for VHS or possible Betamax video capture to an archival format; DV is probably the best format. MPEG-2 and h.264/h.265 formats are smaller and are still serviceable delivery formats.. and because of their size and rapid portability may make survival of 'a copy' even if not the best quality available more likely.

This has to be taken as a recommendation for SD content only, since DV did not support larger frame sizes. And all content after NTSC to ATSC would already be in Progressive format with a larger color sample budget.

Dealing with DV bridges inevitably leads to questions of time base correction, frame synchronization and how to use a firewire device in Windows 7 or later operating system.

Time base correction and frame synchronization is a prerequisite to submission to a hardware codec device, even a DVD recorder.. so effectively a DVD recorder with pass-thru processing is a combo tbc+frame synchronizer. Timebase correction is mostly about detecting a VHS versus Broadcast signal to compensate for the noisy head switching at the beginning and ending of a field of video to prevent 'flag waving or tearing' at the top or bottom of the screen. These are often hidden by bezels on CRT monitors as they are in the overscan region of the picture but become visible when watching the video in a video preview or playback on a digital monitor. 

Swimming or variable length drift between horizontal sweep lines must also be corrected by devices capable of detecting this and reformatting the time of the lines relative to each other through a process known as "Velocity" compensation to square up and make uniform the stack of horizontal lines from top to bottom in a field and frame.

Frame synchronization is more about coping with a damaged or incomplete field or frame of video and automatic recovery such that it always delivers a 'standard' frame rate. Whether it does that by repeating a frame to make up for the unusable remnants, briefly inserts a black, blue or blank frame into the stream, and whether it attempts to simultaneously throw out audio samples to keep audio and video in lock step.. are all design decisions or settings options unique to the specific frame sync being used.

DV bridges could react to a loss of signal, by aborting or end a capture, ending and staring a new one as soon as a signal becomes available again, or pausing a capture and requiring manual intervention by a human being. Some would even make a time code note so these could be revisited and addressed later.

Firewire DVRs were not common in the United States, LG and Samsung provided a couple examples, but by then TiVo, EyeTV and Windows Media Center had claimed the larger share of the public business. Formac (UK), I-O Data (Japan), and EyeTV(mostly EU countries) did dabble in Firewire Tuners relegating the DVR piece to software on a connected PC but for the most part people were largely not aware of their existence.

Playing audio from Adobe Audition 4.0 - Win7 a "better way"

Found this "related" work around for later versions, and it makes a little sense to me now.

Normally I disable the built-in Realtek speaker and microphone device in Playback and Record sound devices, and leave only the Bluetooth headphones and Bluetooth headset [enabled].

Blueooth Headphones usually (do not) have an audio Input microphone, but Adobe Audition tries to set that as the Input.. the Audio Hardware drop down doesn't list any other possible Input source because I have the built-in Realtek audio source disabled.

Bluetooth Headsets are usually for gaming and have a mono or stereo Mic Input .. and thats probably why that work around works. Audible is able to sort or detect both and things just work. I would suppose something goes wrong when trying to open the Bluetooth Headphones and only one stream, the Input is silent and it fails silently to figure out how to deal with them as an Output.

Simply, with the Realtek built-in audio Source set as the Input, and the Bluetooth Headphones set as the Output under Audio Hardware.. everything starts working properly.. and the Bluetooth Headphones are playing back in high quality with few to no dropouts.

Headset mode has limited Bluetooth bandwidth, and part of that is reserved for the Input channel, so dropouts and quality suffers quite a bit with Robot'ing frequently occuring.. but with the full Bluetooth bandwidth available when using Bluetooth Headphones mode.. there are no dropouts.. and no Robot'ing.

Smooth as silk.

Playing audio from Adobe Audition 4.0 - Through Bluetooth Headphones while in the Editor

Adobe Audition 4.0 is part of Adobe Premiere Pro CS5.5 - if you open an audio file and hit the playback button in Windows 7 the Levels will move and it will appear to playback, but no audio will be heard from the Bluetooth connected headphones.

You can make the audio playback by manually changing the Edit > Preferences > Audio Hardware

Default Output: 

< from: Bluetooth Headphones (2- Bluetooth Audio) >

< to: Bluetooth Headset (2-Bluetooth Audio) >

This will trigger a Pop up warning that channel mappings many change, and ask for a confirmation to proceed.

Headphones are normally preferred for audio quality in the playback, but for some reason they do not produce an error, but also do not produce any audio.

Headset "mode" is lower quality and has more dropouts, but at least it works.

Any editing of the audio file will still proceed and save in top quality, and will playback in top quality from other audio playback programs over the normal Bluetooth Headphones setting for the overall system.

I don't pretend to understand what is going on.. but this is a minimal work-around.

Saving Emails from Thunderbird - That Open in Win7 Preview Pane Complete

You can Re-Save a Blocked Email, or Email that opens but does not display some Inline Images in the Windows 7 Preview Pane, using IE-11 as an (.mht) Web Page Complete File version.. and it "Will" open with the Inline Images Unblocked.

This seems to be 'Unique' to the file format IE-11 on Win7 saves it as, saving as an HTML file with Attachments or using some other Browsers Save As complete does not work.

I assume back in the Day, Microsoft made sure that IE-11 Save As would in some way specially prepare the html in .mht files that it alone generated, that would by-pass the Windows 7 Preview Pane filter controls.

I did try Unblocking using Windows Defender exceptions or turning that off, but it did not Unblock the Inline Images.

It might work all the way up to Win11 or using IE-11 to Re-Save or Preprocess since Microsoft tends to  not deprecate old code paths in new software

IE has of course been deprecated itself these days with the new Chrome based Bing browser. But you may be able to get IE-11 in a VM or some other place and use it simply as a tool for re-processing unviewable files.

Expression Encoder Pro 4 from (without Codecs) to fully (with Codecs)

Its been a long time since Microsoft abandoned Expression Encoder 4 Pro. 

And I have read horror stories about their license activation system.

But confirming, today 05/31/2023, you can still Activate, and that the Install of a Retail Copy will (convincingly) say "without codecs" until you manually "Change the Product Key" it won't prompt you during install, it will install in "without codecs" mode only first.. and it will say Licensed, but until you enter / change the Product Key to exactly the one for your copy of the Product and Activate.. it will not go into "with codec" mode.

You also only get two Activations before the Key is no longer usable, so DO NOT Activate the first time before changing the Product Key.

The default install is to go into a mode it says blatantly is "without codecs" after initial install.. when its properly changed with a valid Product Key and Activated it does not say "with codecs" its just blank.

From the Expression Help > About menu option, from a machine Simply installed, there was "No" prompting for a Product Key.

The only way you have to know its now in with codecs mode, is to create a new project, add some source, and try to change to MP4 format and your presented with the H.264 options and nothing stops you from Encoding.. its the absence of problems that confirms its fully Enabled and Activated, not simply "without codecs" and activated and therefore crippled.

 

 

From the Expression Help > About menu option, from a machine Simply installed, there was "No" prompting for a Product Key. (AND) then the Help > Enter Product Key and Activate was used and it "removed" the (without Codecs) message that was originally there and the MP4 and H.264 Encoding options started appearing, and worked.

This screenshot is from a different machine in which it had the "without codecs" message and a Product Key was then entered and Activated. I'm not screenshot'ting from the exact same machine both ways since removing and Re-Activating will burn a usage of the key. Discovering the issue was rather non-intuitive and stumbled upon and I don't want to upset the current system until a Full Backup. 

My recollection is a tiny checkbox below the field for entering the Product key that says  "Activate Product Now" and its pre-checked.. so as part of Entering the Product Key and hitting the [Continue] button, it will "also" contact Microsoft to attempt to "Activate" the Product, success will change the About screen to remove the "(without codecs) message and MP4 and H.264 Encoding will now be possible. This should also unlock the MPEG2 and other codecs available for import.

When I think about it (Activate) should be thought about as a synonym for (Unlock) to enable features in this product.

There is no (Deactivate) function to save an Activation so you can re-Activate on a different system, the Key usage is "burned" which is very sad. Most of the rest of the Industry supported "De-Activations" but apparently this Product line or Microsoft had not got to that level of maturity by the time the Product was discontinued.

This was from about they years 2010, with products new to CLR or "Managed Code" and Bill Gates edict to license and activate everything.. so it was awash with confusion.. and they were laying off "legacy" talent and constantly competing with incumbents like Apple and Adobe for tool market share, including with Opensource alternatives.

So they didn't really have any guard rails and they weren't listening to the general public and had their own personal problems internally.. (I think) the effect and intent was all versions (did) install the Codecs, but they were by default (crippled or "de-activated") and the original intent was to make Buying online and (enabling) a simple action of entering a Purchased Product Key from a website, the effect would have been instant and no re-installation would have been required.. but the behavior of this workflow was massively confusing and hard to troubleshoot.. since they were striving for "Customer Self-Service and checkout.. but it rather backfired traumatically and probably doomed the product line.

Other vendors adopted a download the "Full Featured Copy" with codecs and patch or add-on the necessary Codecs after.. and that became the "normal behavior" but this was so alien and ad-hoc it made the experience simply too foreign and difficult to support.. every problem or interpretation took human intervention.. which could not scale.

And instead of making it easy to upgrade hardware or move or reinstall a Copy from machine to machine, they "burned" Product Keys / License keys after two uses.. making it further difficult to support, and requiring human intervention "again".. it was a textbook demonstration of a product role out disaster.

Sure that made it difficult to "pirate" but it also made it "tossable" and "never use again" non-repeat business.. the chaos that was occurring at the time and the brain drain and decision maker drain and people laid off made it easier to just shut it all down.. and that appears to be what happened.

Another thought from the year 2023 is in an effort to safe guard against malware and virus infection they constantly kept updating and upgrading the Windows 7 kernel and Signing certificates for accepting and installing drivers and application software, these are also used to validate Activation mechanisms when visiting Microsoft sites.. SHA1 to SHA2 that sort of thing.. at least Windows 7 has to be updated sufficient to be able to communicate with the activation servers in order to activate. Its not that the services have been shutdown, its that the certificates for communications are out of date on the client side of the communications.